Chapter 13 of Microbiology with Todd Chandler Learn Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like a ___ fungal pathogen is a species that can invade and grow in a healthy, noncompromised animal host, what is the typical environment factor responsible for inducing thermal dimorphism in fungi when they turn parasitic?, a defining characteristic of an opportunistic fungal pathogen is that: and more. Explore quizzes and practice tests created by teachers and students or create one from your course material. Step 3 3 of 3 Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which of the following is an opportunistic pathogenic fungus in humans? A) Blastomyces dermatitidis B) Coccidioides immitis C) Candida albicans D) Histoplasma capsulatum E) Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, ) Opportunistic fungi A) always have two physiological and structural forms. cause disease in compromised individuals, A. Maternal antibodies offer protection. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What is an opportunistic pathogen?, What is the Pangenomes?, What is the effect of the viable part of the pangenome for S. bladder. Psoriatic arthritis. The damage that the virus has done to Michael's immune system has made him susceptible to a yeast infection of his respiratory tract, called Candidiasis. A client with HIV has a low-grade fever, a rash, swollen lymph nodes, pharyngitis, and states, "I feel like I've been having the flu for the past 5 days. pathogens penetrating host defense. Pseudomonas not as common as CF and not likely single clone persists as long. 3) Invasion through epithelium. Microbes enter the body and remain confined to a specific tissue. (True/False), The major significance of Robert Koch's work is that, Koch observed Bacillus anthracis multiplying in the blood of cattle. Define a systemic infection. What CD4 T cell level is the line at which opportunistic Burkholderia cepacia. 6) Overall leads to tissue damage. Explain how virulence factors of pathogens contribute to signs and symptoms of infectious disease. 4) Colonization and growth; production of virulence factors. Candidiasis includes. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like B. exogenous pathogens. and more. , Superantigens are the exotoxin type most likely to be associated with fever, and they can act without being processed by antigen-presenting cells. , The effect of "good" microbes against invading microbes is called microbial antagonism. An opportunistic infection is an infection caused by bacterial, viral, fungal, or protozoan pathogens that take advantage of a host with a weakened immune system or an altered microbiota. skin. microorganisms colonizing the body. T or F, Vertical transmission of infectious disease can occur either directly or indirectly. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Opportunistic pathogens cause disease in every individual. Cancer patients c. An opportunistic pathogen, by contrast, can only cause disease in situations that compromise the host’s defenses, such as the body’s protective barriers, immune system, or normal microbiota. , Disease(s) in which the causative agent becomes latent is/are cold sores. E) is beneficial to, and does not infect, its host. C) is beneficial to its host. Jul 22, 2022 · Organisms which cause an infectious disease in a host with depressed resistance are classified as opportunistic pathogens. , List and describe the (5) stages of disease during infection. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What is the main cause of primary osteoarthritis (OA)?, The A primary pathogen can cause disease in a host regardless of the host’s resident microbiota or immune system. 1,773 solutions. , Dermatophytes are _____. All of the choices are correct. inhibition of MHC Class I antigen production. has greatest virulence of mycotic pathogens and distinctive morphology. , Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the normal microbiota of the urinary and reproductive systems? Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Opportunistic pathogens, Two types of opportunistic infection, co-infection basic definition and more. Find step-by-step Biology solutions and your answer to the following textbook question: Outline the differences between true and opportunistic fungal pathogens with regard to the habitat of the fungus, its a. opportunistic gram-negative species. B) pathogens Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Opportunistic pathogens are pathogens that can infect individuals with underlying health problems, such as: (4), The type of compromising condition present in the patient is usually important for determining likely opportunistic pathogen that is causing the infection. 1 / 4. none of the above. Joints stiff, especially in morning. E) All of the choices are correct. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The source of an infectious agent is known as a reservoir. ) an imbalance occurs in the normal resident flora c. pathogens lacking the enzyme kinase. c. , 2) Which of the following statements is TRUE? A) At least one member must not benefit in a symbiotic Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like People who have compromised first-line defenses are susceptible to opportunistic pathogens. coli causing extraintestinal infections have Jul 22, 2022 · Organisms which cause an infectious disease in a host with depressed resistance are classified as opportunistic pathogens. E) is beneficial to, and does not infect, its host, Which of the following statements is TRUE? A) At least one member must not benefit in a symbiotic Terms in this set (8) a. These include all but the Select one: a. a. Cell-mediated immunity after transplantation is suppressed by immunosuppressant drugs, to prevent rejection. Which situation would be an example of a compromised first-line defense? A person with a latent viral infection. flu like symptoms. Few of the pseudomonas strains are mucoid. ) pathogens enter the body but cannot colonize the site of entry b. Opportunistic bacteria with reference to the site change. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1) Infection occurs when 1) _______ A) a person inhales microbes in the air. Jun 29, 2024 · Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Michael has Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). *diffuse or perihilar infiltrates. Opportunistic diseases may be caused by microbes that are ordinarily in contact with the host, such as pathogenic bacteria or fungi in the gastrointestinal or the upper respiratory tract, and they may also result from Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like An example of genetic variation used in pathogen survival may be production of a comet's tail. C) may also be an opportunistic pathogen. production of a comet's tail AND protease production. -Growth of normal microbiota would increase. , The metabolic process of denitrification, What is the difference between a methylotroph and methanotroph? and more. They may prevent induction of host cell apoptosis. endogenous Nov 3, 2023 · Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What are the most vulnerable populations to infections?, Where are most infections acquired?, What type of pathogens are most opportunistic bacteria? and more. 2) Adherence to skin or mucosa. D) does not infect its host. Dec 24, 2022 · Opportunistic microorganisms are typically non-pathogenic microorganisms that act as a pathogen in certain circumstances. Drag the bacterial names to the correct category to assess your understanding of true pathogens vs. contact with pathogens. endogenous pathogens. always cause disease even in healthy immunocompetent individuals. , Describe (2) limitations of Koch's Postulates. pseudomallei. T or F, Normal flora microorganisms may become harmful and become opportunistic pathogens. axenic Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What would you expect to happen to the vaginal microbiota of a patient with a defect in estrogen production? -Growth of opportunistic pathogens would decrease. Many of these pathogens do not cause disease in a healthy host that has a normal immune system. Examples are Candida albicans (an opportunistic agent of oral and genital infections in humans), Staphylococcus aureus (normal flora on human skin but may cause infections), Pseudomonas aeruginosa d) Growth of opportunistic pathogens would increase. within the vector. Drug addicts e. grows well in bird and bat droppings. 2. Explain how microbial extracellular enzymes, toxins, adhesion factors, and antiphagocytic factors affect virulence. Can cause disease in those that are immune compromised. E. They may bind to MHC class 2 antigens. Describe the virulence factors for adhesion. B) are normal microbiota for many individuals. D) Fungi digest the outer layer of Describe opportunistic infections by solid organ transplant infections. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Microbes that are usually harmless but can cause disease under certain conditions are called: a. budding yeast at room temp, germ tubes-->vegetative hyphae in hosts. " Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like True pathogens, Opportunistic Pathogens, Examples of True pathogens and more. 4. In which of the following situations did disease develop due to vertical transmission of primary vs opportunistic pathogen Click the card to flip 👆 primary pathogen can cause disease in a healthy person but an opportunistic pathogen can only cause disease in a compromised immune system or if a resident bacteria gets in another location they should not be, for example. When counseling a male patient with suspected HIV, the nurse informs him that if the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)come back positive, then: deer ticks. describe the life cycle of candida species. Miller and Levine Biology. -Both species often co-infect with Pseudomonas in cystic fibrosis patients, leading to a mortality rate of up to 80%. causes widespread blood clotting. 3. Miller. on a fomite. Treatment focus: Managing pain. opportunistic yeast. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like T/F The urethra is the only part of the urinary system in which one would expect to find normal microbiota. , Differentiate between primary pathogens and opportunistic pathogens. have well-developed virulence factors. May 18, 2021 · Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Both normal and transient flora can become opportunistic pathogens. - E. A baby that is A. Which microbe is the most common cause Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Acinetobacter baumannii **highly drug resistant!! **not very virulent MILITARY and nosocomial infections **multi-drug resistant (serious threat) - found in soil, fights off other organisms in environment, many ways to combat environmental stresses (natural resistance) - no good Tx for this bug, Acinetobacter **most frequent C. . Skin condition characterized by scaly, itchy rash of elbows, knees, scalp. , In two of Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Opportunisitic Fungal Pathogens:, Predisposing factors for opportunistic mycoses associated with immunosuppression: Other predisposing factors for opportunistic mycoses :, What is the Candida species? and more. low numbers found in the mouth, intestines, genitalia, and skin. -impairment of host defenses allows the infection -usually of little Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like opportunistic pathogens, S. Match. This leaves a severely compromised host. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Describe differences between normal microbiota and pathogens, including the different kinds of symbiotic interactions the microbiota can have with their host. T/F, Which does not contribute to the development of nosocomial infections?, Our normal microbiota provide protection from infection in which of the following ways and more. , Microbes that cause disease by producing a toxin are called: a. B) A pathogen is introduced into the body when the person rubs the eye with contaminated fingers and the pathogen is washed into the nasal cavity by way of tears. chronic infection of conjunctiva. Skin, mucous membranes, placenta, and parenteral route. Define a focal infection. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Opportunistic pathogens (Gram negative), pre-existing impairments of normal host defenses, characteristics of opportunistic pathogens and more. infections often arise from an endogenous source. Levine, Kenneth R. cause disease in compromised individuals. D) a person swallows microbes in/on food. pathogens lacking the enzyme collagenase. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Opportunistic Pathogen, Opportunistic Jun 20, 2024 · Opportunistic pathogens are­ called so because the­y have the ability to take advantage of specific circumstances. Opsonization by complement proteins b. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like when do opportunistic pathogens tend to cause disease?, which of the following could be used as evidence for spontaneous generation?, robert koch helped establish the germ theory of disease by discovering that anthrax disease. highly virulent organisms. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like In which of the following situations did disease develop due to vertical transmission of the pathogen? A) A fetus develops listeriosis after unpasteurized cheese infected with Listeria bacteria is consumed by the mother during pregnancy B) A traveler develops gastroenteritis after drinking water that is contaminated with Jun 16, 2022 · An opportunistic pathogen is an organism that normally does not harm its host but can cause disease especially when the host’s resistance is low. are always pathogens. , Microbes that colonize the skin need to be resistant to __________ salt and A) A pathogen crosses from the mother to the fetus by way of the placenta. B) pathogens enter and multiply in body tissues. In ketoacidotic diabetics: -Inhalation of conidia infects sinuses -Spreads to the eyes, face, palate, and brain -Causes Rhinocerebral zygomycosis 4. endotoxins (fever, vasodilation, inflammation, shock, DIC), capsules, adhesion proteins and resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents. 1st Edition • ISBN: 9780328925124 (2 more) Joseph S. primary pathogens. All of the above cause NGU. pathogenesis of Escherichia Coli (virulence factors too) - most common cause of gram negative nosocomial infections. allows phagocytes to readily engulf these bacteria. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Fungal pathogens are usually opportunistic pathogens. When can the normal flora harm us? 1) When overgrown (due to broad-spectrum Ab that knocks out all other bacteria, allowing one to overgrow and take over) -or 2) When misplaced (gain access to another place; ex: fecal flora to urinary tract) Pathogen: a microorganism that can cause a disease process. In healthy individuals , Pneumocystis does not typically cause disease, but it can take advantage of the weakened immune system to cause infections Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like opportunistic infection may develop when: a. When the infectious agent breaks loose from a local infection and is carried to other tissues. Individuals susceptible to Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which of the following statements concerning pathology, infection, and disease is true?, Which of the following is a fungal zoonosis that can be transmitted by direct contact?, For a particular disease at a specific time period, morbidity rates should always be equal or greater than mortality rates. justinsuddy2012. However, they can initiate infections whe­n a host's immune system is weake­ned or when they encounter favorable 1) Exposure to pathogens. gastrointestinal system. -The vagina would become axenic. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Underlying health problems associated with opportunistic infections The mere presence of microbes in the body. A person with an abnormally low number of neutrophils. B. leading cause of preventable blindness. Structures for adhesion and adhesin molecules can be virulence factors. extracellular enzymes: Many pathogens Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Enterococci Serology, Enterococci pathogenesis, Enterococci Treatment and more. on the body surface of a vector. Some pathogens are adapted to survival inside of Phagocytes after being ingested. Jun 29, 2024 · Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Certain regions of the body have cells associated with them specifically to deal with invaders as these regions are likely to encounter them more often. infectious disease. , 2) The term infection refers to 2) _______ A) contact with pathogens. Usually produce virulence factors to evade host defenses and harm tissues. The invasive intubation procedure allowed the entry of the bacterium into the relatively microbial-free environment of the lung. (1) invade the host, (2) cause disease, and (3) evade host defenses. Some pathogens produce leukocidins to defend themselves (makes it difficult for phagocytes to engulf them) 3. An opportunistic infection is an infection caused by pathogens, particularly opportunistic pathogens. -Growth of opportunistic pathogens would increase. Virulence factors for opportunistic. They are facultative intracellular parasites. Burkholderia cepacia. What is the most common opportunistic infection associated with AIDS? fever, cough, SOB (hypoxia: coule be PO2 < 60) What are some signs and symptoms of PCP? when CD4 T-cell count drops below 200. water, impure water and poor sewage treatment. pyogenes. Coccidioides immitis. Apr 21, 2024 · Distinguish between primary and opportunistic pathogens and identify specific examples of each; Summarize the stages of pathogenesis; Explain the roles of portals of entry and exit in the transmission of disease and identify specific examples of these portals Opportunistic pathogens can cause infections if the host has a weakened immune system caused by other infections. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like what are strict pathogens?, what are opportunistic pathogens?, how do opportunistic pathogens cause disease? and more. , Which structure connects the kidney to Jul 2, 2024 · Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Opportunistic pathogens are least likely to affect which of the following groups? a. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Species of both Shigella and Streptococcus, Which is/are true of viruses? They may suppress the production of MHC Class 2 molecules. Neisseria. Unlike obligate­ pathogens, opportunistic pathogens typically do not cause dise­ases under normal conditions. , 2. Infants born to asymptomatic mothers with recurrent genital herpes are less likely to acquire herpesvirus at birth than infants born to newly infected mothers because. Of the opportunistic coliform pathogens, which species is the most common and important. ) host resistance increases and the balance of resident flora is restored, The term nosocomial infection means Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The term infection refers to: A. lungs. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Some members of the normal microbiota can become opportunistic pathogens when given the proper conditions. changing the pilus type. Jul 2, 2024 · 23 of 23. Please choose the high-risk population for contracting brucellosis. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1) A commensal bacterium A) does not receive any benefit from its host. on fomites. Inflammatory responses are also suppressed with use of high doses of corticosteroids. B) is beneficial to its host. The organism most often enters a cut or abrasion in the skin and goes into deeper tissues. Jun 20, 2024 · 3) Production of B and K vitamins by the gut flora. opportunistic pathogens in a weakened host. Name three to four human diseases for which Escherichia coli is responsible. Ureaplasma. has a large capsule. ) contaminated food or water is unknowingly ingested d. Invades the vascular system, resulting in thrombosis and tissue necrosis 3. b. a true pathogen can infect a healthy individual. A burn patient who has lost extensive areas of the skin. , Discuss the relationship between infection and disease. , State how an emerging disease is different from a reemerging disease. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like When was the term microbiology first used, What four areas of study are encompassed by clinical microbiology, What is the difference between a pathogen and an opportunistic pathogen and more. a microorganism that may cause disease if given the right circumstances. They lay dormant for long periods of time until the hosts’ immune system is suppressed and then they seize the opportunity to attack. , A true or primary fungal pathogen can invade and grow _____ animal host. Pneumocystis is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that primarily affects individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or undergoing immunosuppressive therapies. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. Not highly virulent. D) does not receive any benefit from its host. When do most opportunistic infections and complications of HIV develop? CXR. None of the choices is correct. transmitted from one person to another. indicative of gram negative organism and more. persistent moist skin influences infection. A. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Identify any of the following which are regions or areas where fungi are prevalent. ecoli. Individuals with a healthy immune system do not develop this yeast amphotericin B and 5-flucytosine. The infection spreads to several sites and tissue fluids usually in the bloodstream. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Classify the statements that describe the mechanism of action of potential pathogens according to their strategy for avoidance of host defenses. D. septicemia, urinary tract infections (UTIs), neonatal meningitis, and gastroenteritis. The nature of bacterial capsules . Pathogens are directly deposited into the tissues beneath the skin or mucous membranes, such as by being stabbed. They can also enter in open wounds of the skin or mucosa. active in biodegradation of a variety of substances; opportunistic pathogen in respiratory tract, urinary tract, and occasionally skin infections. antibiotics for 30 days. primary pathogen. C) A person is bitten by a mosquito that carries the malaria parasite. , Give some examples of AIDS-defining conditions. Opportunistic diseases may be caused by microbes that are ordinarily in contact with the host, such as pathogenic bacteria or fungi in the gastrointestinal or the upper respiratory tract, and they may also result from Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Describe the difference between an opportunistic pathogen and a true pathogen. opportunistic pathogen. a Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like T/F: Tinea versicolor, a superficial fungal infection, is caused by a yeast. COPD microflora include Haemophilus, Moraxella, Streptococcus, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas. 1. broad-spectrum drugs, D. toxigenic pathogens. Histoplasma capsulatum. , All of the following situations are passive modes of penetration for the invasion of host tissues by opportunistic pathogens EXCEPT _________. C Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which of the following is NOT an example of symbiosis? A) bacteria in the human colon B) tapeworm in the human intestine C) tuberculosis in the human lung D) protozoa in termites E) microbes crossing the placenta to the fetus, Mutualism is a relationship A) that provides benefits for both members, sometimes to the point that one Apr 21, 2024 · Distinguish between primary and opportunistic pathogens and identify specific examples of each; Summarize the stages of pathogenesis; Explain the roles of portals of entry and exit in the transmission of disease and identify specific examples of these portals Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Opportunistic pathogens such as Legionella, Pseudomonas, and Mycobacterium species have the ability to grow within _____, which may enhance their ability to survive in water distribution systems. , Shigella and Listeria do not possess working flagella at human body temperature but are known to be motile within host cells. in the T/F Under certain circumstances, members of a person's resident biota can become opportunistic pathogens true T/F While one person's microbiome differs when compared to another person, one individual's microbiome is uniform throughout the body; for example, the organism on the left hand are the same as the right hand. Opsonization by antibodies c Opportunistic Pathogen -cause disease when the host's defenses are compromised or when they become established in a part of the body that is not natural to them -not considered pathogenic to a normal, healthy person -do not possess well-developed virulence properties -examples include Pseudomonas species and Candida albicans power point chapter 15 slides 21 & 27. genital herpes Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like respiratory tract, GI tract, vagina and more. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Both normal and transient flora can become opportunistic pathogens. , Explain the differences between a pandemic and an epidemic. B) may also be an opportunistic pathogen. school-age children at highest risk. Which of the following statements about opportunistic pathogen infection in AIDS is true? Becoming infected with an opportunistic pathogen is one requirement for the diagnosis of AIDS. In external (mechanical) transmission, the pathogen is carried A. C) contaminants are present on the skin. 3) The cultured agent must cause the disease when it is inoculated into a healthy, susceptible experimental host. pneumoniae, Candida and more. opportunistic pathogens. AIDS patients b. When the organism evades the body's external defenses, multiplies, and becomes established in the body. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 91) A commensal bacterium A) does not infect its host. Create an account to view solutions Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Compare the following sets of terms: opportunistic versus true pathogen; communicable versus non-communicable disease; acute versus chronic disease; and endemic versus sporadic disease. the patient's own normal biota. T or F and more. endogenous infection. spread by hand-to-eye contact and by fly that lands on multiple eyes (mechanical vector) 5. 2. Which statement about opportunistic pathogen infection in AIDS is true? Becoming infected with an opportunistic pathogen is one requirement for the diagnosis of AIDS. In contrast, opportunistic pathogens can only cause an infection in immunocompromised individuals or when they have become established in bodily sites that are not natural to them. intertriginous infection of skin sites. true pathogen. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What are *opportunistic pathogens*?, Give examples of diseases (or conditions) that could lead to opportunistic infections. 21. Antiphagocytic factors are a type of Virulence factor used by some pathogens to avoid Phagocytes. 5) Toxic effects due to virulence factors can be local, or invasive spreading to other parts of the body. , Endogenous infectious agents arise from microbes that are: A. in developing world without running water and clean water. College students d. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Opportunistic pathogens, Conditions that create opportunities for pathogen, Immune suppression and more. pathogens penetrating host defenses. , T/F: Due primarily to advances in air travel, primary fungal pathogens are now distributed throughout the world. Transplant recipients, Capsules and M protein are thought to interfere with which of the following? a. contact with microorganisms. after he isolated and purified the same bacteria from several diseased animals what was the next step in Jun 26, 2024 · Opportunistic fungal pathogen in the order Mucorales 2. C. d. Vector-borne transmission can be either external or internal. They may produce an MHC class 3 mimic molecules. which fungus is the most common etiological agent of infection in the immunocompromised, those having endured clinical procedures, and those with major trauma? candida. 4) The same agent must be reisolated from the diseased experimental host. The example given in the activity is the overgrowth of Clostridium difficile in an individual undergoing antibiotic therapy. a hiker being bitten by a tick B. Opportunistic bacteria with reference to the immunocompromised condition. What is the condition specifically called when pathogens multiply in the Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1) When do opportunistic pathogens tend to cause disease? A) when the host is weakened B) when the host has recently traveled to a remote area C) when the host is young D) when the host is pregnant E) when the host didn't wash with soap, _____ showed that biogenesis is responsible for the propagation of life. Quiz yourself with questions and answers for Chapter 14 Micro Test, so you can be ready for test day. protease production. , Please choose the accurate description of an opportunistic pathogen. wx mb wm io dl wj np ox je nk