Are berbers european. Barbari, in Arabic, means gibberish, babble, etc.

The Moors were a group of nomadic Berber tribes from the Atlas Mountains in North Africa, specifically present-day Morocco. The Berber (or Libyco-Berber) languages are spoken today by perhaps 16 million people. ) have internal coalescence ages of around 2000 years before present (ybp) and some are not only The results were compared with those of other Berber groups. Europe appears to be the source of many of the remaining sequences, with the rest (54. Riffians speak Tarifit, which belongs to the Zenati group of Berber languages. The Racial Politics of the Amazigh Revival in North Africa and Beyond. The human leukocyte antigen HLA DNA data suggest that most Moroccans, both those of non-Arab ethnolinguistic identity and those of Arab ethnolinguistic identity, are of Berber origin, and that the genealogical true Arabs from Arabia who invaded North Africa and parts of Southern Europe did not substantially contribute to the gene pool. The Amazigh (Imazighen in plural) are descendants of the pre-Arab people of North Africa and were traditionally nomadic. During the early decades of this period Moors crossed the Strait of Gibraltar and started their invasion of the Iberian Peninsula. Berbers: The Proud Raiders They call themselves Amazigh, the proud raiders. It also highlights the darkness which surrounds European perceptions of this period and the Moorish people. The Riffians have been a significant source of Moroccan emigrants into some European countries such as the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany. They were considered as superficially Muslim and as easy targets for conversion to Christianity. For millennia, the Berbers of North Africa fought against Roman, Arab and French Jun 27, 2024 · No, Moors and Berbers are not the same. Sep 18, 2019 · More than 1,000 years later, by the 18th century, the people who inhabited North Africa thought of themselves no longer as Moors but as either Arabs or Berbers. Feb 1, 2021 · Moors, originally a group of people native to the region of present-day Morocco, bordering the Numidians of the East and various Berber peoples, saw their name assigned to the rest of the Muslims of the Maghreb Al Aqsa region as well as Andalusia. The Berbers call themselves Imazighen (men of the land). Moors refer to the Muslim inhabitants of medieval Spain, who were of mixed Arab, Berber, and European descent. with Christian minorities [1] [2] none. The genetic difference between Berbers and ME Arab groups Jul 18, 2019 · European population was almost half of the Casablanca’s total population. The term “Moors” was primarily used by Europeans to refer to Algerians ( Arabic: الجزائريون, romanized : al-Jaza'iriyun) are the citizens and nationals of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria. In the 8th century, they invaded the Christian West, which is now Spain and Portugal, and brought Islam with them. In 705 this region became a province of the Muslim empire then ruled from Damascus by the Umayyad caliphs (661–750). 271 million. More recently, the heritage of Moorish civilizations, ancient and Islamic, is today the prey of an insane historical revisionism, whose main Known to themselves as Amazigh, the Berbers take their more common name from the Latin barbarus (barbarian), a Roman effort to distinguish the less-developed tribal societies of much of Europe and Africa from their own Hellenic-derived civilization. Libya is a Greek word derived from a regional title, and the term came to be used The Berber issue became historically highly charged with negative overtones after the French introduced separate laws for Arabs and Berbers in 1930, the so called ‘Dahir Berbere’, which is generally seen as a catalyst for Arab nationalism. The minority European population is predominantly of French, Spanish, and Italian descent. Berbers in the Netherlands ( Dutch: Berbers in Nederland) are people of Berber descent living in the Netherlands. The Moorish invasion of Western Europe began in the 8th century A. [13] It is a modern Arabic term meaning "Westerners", denoting their location in the western part of the Arab world. The Berbers were elevated above the Arabs through the narrative that Berber ancestral heritage stemmed from Europe. Moors and Berbers are not the same, although they are often mistakenly used interchangeably. This term, inherently discriminatory, was coined by Arab conquerors and also used by European colonizers. The Berbers ( Imazighen, singular Amazigh) are an ethnic group indigenous to Northwest Africa, speaking the Berber languages of the Afroasiatic family. " Maghrebis or Maghrebians ( Arabic: المغاربيون, romanized : al-Māghāribiyyun) are the inhabitants of the Maghreb region of North Africa. Blackamoors is a decorative art form that arose as a result of the 800 year Islamist domination of Iberia. On the other hand, Berbers are an indigenous ethnic group native to North Africa, including countries like Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya. They were the first people to live in the countries of Morocco, Algeria, Libya [1] and Tunisia in North Africa. Vessels of the Barbary Pirates­ Berbers became a coercive tool in the European power play. [1] Sep 24, 2015 · The Algerian (Berber and non-Berber) samples present a complex amalgam of components as found previously in North African populations . , and also means barbaric. Berber (aka Tamazight) is a branch of the Afro-Asiatic language phylum and counts about forty languages, which entirely cover North Africa, stretching from Morocco to Egypt, as well as from the Mediterranean Sea to the Sahara and the northern and western Sahel, including Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso. Jun 7, 2024 · Islamic world - Imazighen, Berbers, North Africa: When the Arab conquerors arrived in the Maghrib in the 7th century, the indigenous peoples they met were the Imazighen (Berbers; singular Amazigh), a group of predominantly but not entirely migratory tribes who spoke a recognizably common Afro-Asiatic language with significant dialectal variations. Pexels A Berber caravan on camelback crosses the Sahara. The word Tamazight designates their language (Berber), but we also write “Amazigh language”; the word Tamazgha designates the territory to which they belong. Like other Berbers, temporary migration is an accepted tradition. D. The less than 25% European ancestry in populations like Algerians and northern Moroccans could trace back to maritime migrations throughout the Mediterranean . With a particular focus on the southeastern oases of Morocco where I have pursued ethnographic research It has a population of roughly 37 million, the official and predominant religion is Islam, and the official languages are Arabic and Berber; French and the Moroccan dialect of Arabic are also widely spoken. Berber is the mother tongue of the first inhabitants of North Africa. e. 5%) have an origin in sub-Saharan Africa. The descendants of African and European slaves were fully integrated; but the most numerous Muslim community stemmed from local Iberians. Dec 19, 2013 · Dec 19, 2013. Related ethnic groups. According to the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica, at one time France encouraged the Barbary piracy raids against their Spanish Jun 6, 2018 · In the PCA, IAM samples are placed close to Mozabites (Berber group inhabiting the Mʾzab oases of southern Algeria), while Iberian Neolithic samples fall close to southern European populations (SI Appendix, Supplementary Note 6). Historically, the Libyan genocide from 1929 to 1934, the Zanzibar genocide in 1964, and the 2005 Cronulla riots in Australia. Originally, Berber was a generic name given by the Romans to numerous heterogeneous ethnic groups that shared similar cultural, political, and economic practices. 711, a group of North African Muslims led by the Berber general, Tariq ibn-Ziyad, captured the Iberian Peninsula (modern Spain and Portugal). Berber is a foreign word. The Berbers, who refer to themselves as the Amazigh meaning “free man”, have long fought for greater recognition for their ancient ethnic group, their culture and language. #6. The Appearance of the Original Berbers According to European Perceptions. ) Contents. Demographics of Morocco. The divide between Berber and Arab Algeria was solidified by the 123-year French colonization. Algeria also has a minority population of Europeans that represents less than 1% of the population. There's plenty of South Italians, Portuguese, Spaniards, and Greeks, and Jews who are darker skinned than many MENA people May 2, 2008 · We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. However, the most plausible theory is to state that Berber is an Afro-Asiatic language, which is mainly spoken in the north of the Great Sahara and in North-West Africa. Drawing on primary sources by non-Berber authors both in Arabic and French, he explores the influence of both Muslim Arab conquest and the European colonization of the region, mostly through the French model in Algeria, and he engages both with intellectual and political currents that have influenced “Berberization” in different ways. 16 The Popular Movement did not identify itself strictly as representative of the Berbers but rather of "Moroccan rural people. Berbers in the Netherlands are estimated to number 367,455 people [citation needed] and are mainly of Riffian -Berber descent. As mentioned previously, Arabs arrived in Tunisia during the Middle Ages, when the early Islamic caliphates spread Berbers Etymology The name "Berber" derives from variants of the root "barbar," which exist in most Indo-European sub-languages and Arabic. A modernised form of the Tifinagh alphabet, called Neo-Tifinagh, was adopted in Morocco in 2003 for writing Berber, but many Moroccan Berber publications still use the Berber Latin alphabet. [1] By 370 AD, the Huns had arrived on the Volga, causing the westwards 4 days ago · North Africa - Arab Conquest, Colonization, Decolonization: After the Arabs completed the conquest of Egypt in 642, they started to raid the Berber (Amazigh) territory to its west, which they called Bilād al-Maghrib (“Lands of the West”) or simply the Maghrib. But most people know them as Berbers. Sep 23, 2019 · Traditionally, the term “Berber” has been used to refer to the indigenous peoples of North Africa. Ethnic groups in Algeria include Arabs and Berbers, who represent 99% of the population, of which 75–85% are Arab and about 15–25% are Berber. 2 In the western parts of Morocco sharia law was exercised, while the Berbers were allowed to use Nov 16, 2000 · The Berber Question in Morocco. Berbers are actually a very genetically distinct group. In addition there are about 4 million Berbers living in Europe, primarily in France. As suspected from the mtDNA and Y chromosome data, KEB samples do not cluster with IAM and are placed in an Today the Berbers are scattered in tribes or tribes, mainly in North Africa (Maghreb), Sub-Saharan Africa (Sahara and sub-Saharan), their historical areas of settlement, but a significant Diaspora lives in France and elsewhere in Europe. In the modern era, anti-Arabism is apparent in many nations in Europe Dec 20, 2019 · He was captured by the Berbers in 1575 and had to spend five years on the African cost as a slave till he was ransomed. Demographic features of the population of Morocco include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. Intriguingly, the Saami of Scandinavia and the Berbers of North Africa were found to share an extremely young branch, aged merely While extensive trading networks undoubtedly predated Arabic involvement, the development of trans-Saharan commerce in the seventh century by Arabs and Berbers intensified and expanded the trading networks that made the empires of the western Sudan possible. According to European tradition, they were first reported living east of the Volga River, in an area that was part of Scythia at the time. Berber. Amazigh tribes could be found from present-day The Kabyle people ( / kəˈbaɪl /, Kabyle: Izwawen or Leqbayel or Iqbayliyen, pronounced [iqβæjlijən], Arabic: القبائل, romanized :al-qabā'il) [9] [10] are a Berber ethnic group indigenous to Kabylia in the north of Algeria, spread across the Atlas Mountains, 160 kilometres (100 mi) east of Algiers. But their inhospitable environment was not their only source of conflict. Sep 24, 2003 · Although the Berbers are the most probable ancestors of the Guanches, it is deduced that important human movements have reshaped Northwest Africa after the migratory wave to the Canary Islands. The word Amazigh means “noble Nov 21, 2023 · The Berber people prefer to describe themselves as Amazigh (plural Imazighen) instead of Berber, which means "the free. Jan 5, 2023 · The Indigenous Amazigh are often referred to as “Berber,” a term they consider derogatory. They represent the largest Berber Sunni Islam. ), because there is no real genetic difference between a Tunisian Arab and a Tunisian Berber for example. If European modernity provided Muslims with the idea of nationalism, Islamic modernity imagined its own nation out of utopian Salafism. With regard to Mozabite Berbers, one-third (33%) of Mozabite Berber mtDNAs have a Near Eastern ancestry, probably having arrived in North Africa ~50,000 years ago, and one-eighth (12. . Though “Berber” is commonly used throughout Morocco, both by those who identify as Amazigh, and other Moroccans, it’s probably not the nicest or most accurate name. The term has also been used in Europe in a broader sense to refer to Muslims in general, especially those of Arab or Berber descent, whether living in al-Andalus or North Africa. Berbers. Jan 12, 2012 · Additional migration coming from Europe might be plausible, though the origin and the period where it took place cannot be determined with the present data. [1] [2] They comprise a group of closely related but mostly mutually unintelligible languages [3] spoken by Berber communities, who are indigenous to North Africa. It was the Berber leader, Tariq bin Ziyad, who led the attack. The Guanche were the indigenous inhabitants of the Spanish Canary Islands, located in the Atlantic Ocean some 100 kilometres (60 mi) to the west of modern Morocco and the North African coast. Apr 22, 2013 · Introduction. Drawing on this study, French settlers and ethnologists argued that Berbers were of European descent and thus easily assimilable to French culture. " Vast ranges of societies make up what is known as the Amazigh people, and Modern Basque, a descendant or close relative of Aquitanian and Proto-Basque, is the only pre-Indo-European language that is extant in western Europe. The Berbers are descendants of pre-Arab populations across North Africa, from the extreme west of Egypt to the countries of the Maghreb. (Yes, we know the United States isn’t in Europe, but we have a lot of people with European ancestry here. Dec 12, 2019 · In A. [28] Other scholars, however, argue that they are a group of around twelve languages, about as different from each other as the Romance or Germanic languages. Alternatively, the Qatari Dec 9, 2021 · Constrained by the Sahara Desert, the Berbers developed into one of the most unique cultures in human history. 339) and a redrawn map shown below of a 1st century Roman periplus locating the Berbers near the horn of East Africa and on the Nile, makes this idea even more plausible as it appears to show a migration that crosses over The most famous slave raid on Iceland was the Turkish Abductionsthat took place in the summer of 1627. While there is no consensus among scholars about their origins before they settled there over five thousand years ago, historians and anthropologists seem to agree that the still-existing Berber groups in various regions, mainly in North Africa and the Sahara, characterized by distinct dialects and cultural The Huns were a nomadic people who lived in Central Asia, the Caucasus, and Eastern Europe between the 4th and 6th centuries AD. : H1e1a, H1v, K1a3a, U5a1c, etc. Anti-Arab racism (also called Anti-Arabism, Anti-Arab sentiment, or Arabophobia) includes opposition to, dislike, fear, or hatred of Arab people . The number of Berber speakers is estimated Nov 18, 2011 · So, technically they are a mixture of Xanthochroi (White European) and Melanochroi (Mediterranean). Moroccan identity and culture is a mix of Arab, Berber, African and European cultures. Berbers from coastal North Africa are also heavy E1B1B e-m81 carriers ( a newer subclade) and all their maternal haplogroups are European/Eurasian. Berber villagers struggle to make a Mar 24, 2005 · The sequencing of entire human mitochondrial DNAs belonging to haplogroup U reveals that this clade arose shortly after the “out of Africa” exit and rapidly radiated into numerous regionally distinct subclades. Barbari, in Arabic, means gibberish, babble, etc. . [25] About 400 people were captured and sold into slavery,[25]of whom only 50 individuals returned from slavery by ransom, 9 to 18 years later. Europeans of the Middle Ages and the early modern period variously applied the name to Arabs, Berbers, and Muslim Europeans. Dec 2, 2020 · Photo: Fadel Senna/AFP. May 6, 2014 · Morocco’s Berbers urge broader reforms. Maghrebis are predominantly of Arab and Berber origins. Berbers represent 80% of the population in Morocco and Algeria, more than 60% in Tunisia and Libya and 2% in Egypt, making up more than 50 million people. This applies to all MENA people. ”. Consequently, Arabs and Arab speakers were associated with backwardness, which the Berbers profited from, as it granted them a higher Sep 27, 2016 · Known to themselves as Amazigh, the Berbers take their more common name from the Latin barbarus (barbarian), a Roman effort to distinguish the less-developed tribal societies of much of Europe and Africa from their own Hellenic-derived civilization. The Byzantines, Greeks, and Romans all referred Berbers or Imazighen (singular Amazigh, plural Imazighen) are an ethnic group. This paper interrogates the liminal ethno-racial category of Berber/Amazigh as it develops in colonial North Africa and comes to be reinvigorated in the postcolonial Amazigh revival. Minority: Judeo-Tunisian Arabic, and Berber: Religion; Predominantly Islam (Sunni Maliki) Minority: Christianity, Judaism and Baháʼí Faith [citation needed] Related ethnic groups; Arabs, Berber, European Tunisians, Carthaginians, Roman Africans, Italian Tunisians, Turco-Tunisians, Maghrebis and other Afroasiatic peoples The origins of the Berbers are unclear; a number of waves of people, some from Western Europe, some from sub-Saharan Africa, and others from Northeast Africa, eventually settled in North Africa and made up its indigenous population. 1, 2 Referred to either as Moors (in Iberia) or Saracens (in South Italy and Sicily), their arrival in Europe dates to 711 AD, rapidly subduing most of Iberia and The Berber Cultural Movement, founded in the late 1960s, and other Amazigh organizations have generally supported the idea of Algeria as a bilingual state, with recognition given to the Amazigh language and to colloquial Arabic, which, rather than literary Arabic, is the language of most of the population. After that we discuss some results of a study on new trends among Moroccan associations in the Netherlands and on the Berber associations (Kraal & van Heelsum, 2002). TheKingIam said: I HAVE NOTICED THAT, East African Somalis and Ethiopians are all carriers of an old subclade of E1B1B and they carry some European haplogroups. The name Berber comes from the Greek word for Barbarian, a name given to many peoples outside of Greece, including the Germanic and Celtic tribes of Europe. The two groups of Berbers from Morocco (Tiznit and Errachidia) lie intermingled with non-Berber Moroccan samples; and Tunisian Berbers from Sened lie within their geographically non-Berber closer relatives, the Libyans, and the Algerians. They are a semi-nomadic people who practice Islam, and are descended from the indigenous Berber communities of Northern Africa, which have been described as a mosaic of local Northern African , Middle Eastern, European (Early European Farmers), and Sub-Saharan African-related ancestries, prior to the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb. By then, the idea of Moors had spread Feb 6, 2023 · Popular Flavors in Morocco: Moroccan cuisine is characterized by its bold and exotic flavors, with spices such as cumin, paprika, and turmeric playing a prominent role in many dishes. The population of Morocco in 2021 is 37. At present, it is inhabited by two main ethnic groups, Arabs and Berbers, and several minorities. It's funny how the world works. [1] The islanders spoke the Guanche language, which is believed to have been related to the Berber languages of mainland North Aug 10, 2005 · In addition, a subset of Iberian and Berber samples belonging to the relatively well represented European haplogroups R1b3 *-M269, R1b3d-M153 and R1b3f-SRY2627 were genotyped for the above set of I was referring to genetics, My question was relating more to when and how the berbers wound up in North Africa, and where their closest genetic relatives live, according to the study posted by u/silverfox762 they are Eurasian, and Sub-Saharan African, with only a small amount of North African lineage. [2] Moroccans are primarily of Arab and Berber origin. Jul 7, 2021 · According to Carette, the Berbers are the “natives” of North Africa, whom the Arabs conquered. [29] Who is a Jew? Berber Jews are the Jewish communities of the Maghreb, in North Africa, who historically spoke Berber languages . Algerians mostly use the Berber Latin Jan 21, 2009 · They spread their language and religion to the native Northwest (NW) African Berber populations, which represented the bulk of the Muslim army that later conquered southern Europe. The historiography of 19th-century Salafism, with its focus on the putative intellectual rift between Islam and the West, and the Salafi attempt to overcome that rift and find common ground with Western May 27, 2016 · It isn’t African. Silverstein, Reed College . Today, most Berber people live in Northern African countries, mainly in Morocco, Libya and Algeria. To them, the name of the country that Europeans called Barbary was part of the Maghrib, the Muslim West. Before the Arab conquest, barbaroi, or barbarians, was a term The ancestry of modern Iberians (comprising the Spanish and Portuguese) is consistent with the geographical situation of the Iberian Peninsula in the South-west corner of Europe, showing characteristics that are largely typical in Southern and Western Europeans. The main hypotheses about the origin of the Basques are: Jun 27, 2023 · Many European lineages that are present in the Aurès sample (i. In this art form, Arabs and Berbers seem to be largely missing. Berbers or Imazighen are the indigenous inhabitants of North Africa. Jun 12, 2018 · In the PCA, IAM samples are placed close to Mozabites (Berber group inhabiting the Mʾzab oases of southern Algeria), while Iberian Neolithic samples fall close to southern European populations (SI Appendix, Supplementary Note 6). And when I say “Berbers,” I’m referring to all of North Africans in general (Algerians, Moroccans, Tunisians, etc. [46][25] Among the Icelandic victims of the Barbary slave trade was Ólafur Egilsson. The Greek word "Βαρβαρος" (or the English transliteration, "barbaros") was initially used to refer to non-native speakers (also as non-citizens) in a manner quite similar to the definition of the Sanskrit word "barbara," which also means stammering. [4] [5] The languages are primarily spoken and not Jun 3, 2019 · Berbers were still the most numerous of the conquerors, while the Jewish community was also large and influential. Aug 3, 2021 · The Arabs from Kairouan revealed 73. History has always been written by those in power, as illustrated by the ongoing struggle by 25 million people living in North Africa to preserve their identity Aug 2, 2019 · Inventing the Berbers thus demonstrates the ways in which the nineteenth-century interpretation of a medieval text has not only served as the basis for modern historical scholarship but also has had an effect on colonial and postcolonial policies and communal identities throughout Europe and North Africa. Although the Young Man of Byrsa was from the area around Carthage, his genome is much more closely related to Europeans from Spain, Portugal, England, Ireland, Scotland, the United States and Germany. Other popular flavors include cinnamon, ginger, saffron, and honey. The Arab Nov 21, 2023 · Arab-Berber: 98%; European: 1%; Jewish and other: 1%; The Arab Ethnic Group. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Today they farm crops and travel to nearby villages for trade. The majority of the country's population is composed of Arabs who make up 85% of the population, and there is a Berber minority of 15%. Jews . Within Spain, there are a number of national and regional ethnic identities that reflect the country's complex history, including a number of different languages, both indigenous and local linguistic descendants of the Roman -imposed Latin language, of which Spanish is the largest The Berber Latin alphabet was also used by most European and Berber linguists during the 19th and 20th centuries. Today Europeans make only 1% of the total population. In Morocco, Berber nationalist feelings were embodied in 1984 by a large populist party, the Movement Populaire (Popular Movement) and its charismatic leader, Mahjoubi Aherdane. Objectives: Tunisia has been a crossroads for people from Africa, Europe, and the Middle East since prehistoric times. 47% of E-M81 and close affinities with Berber groups, indicating they are likely arabized Berbers, clearly differentiated from the Arabs from Wesletia, who We will first look at the meaning of the concept Diaspora, then at the history, geographical dispersion of Berbers and the current political context in Morocco. The Berbers predominantly speak the Amazigh language (also called the Tamazight language) that belongs to the Afro-Asiatic language family. Today, the pressures of modernity and ethnic repression also encroach on the Berber’s lifestyle. The Berbers proudly call themselves the Amazigh, the “free people. After the destruction of the First Temple in Jerusalem, many Jews migrated to Morocco and settled among the Berbers. As is the case for most of the rest of Southern Europe, the principal ancestral This is a short documentary of the Moorish contributions to Europe. Constitution recognising Berbers’ Amazigh language hailed as a good start, but social and economic problems persist. 5%) having arisen either in Europe Oct 15, 2016 · In the PCA, the Berber-speaking individuals cluster with the rest of North African non-Berber samples without making differentiable clusters. In reality though, some Berbers are White and some Berbers clearly aren't. The combined data, considered in the light of sociological, historical and paleontological data, support the hypothesis that the Berbers are native to North Africa and their ancestors, the first modern man (Homo sapiens) of North Africa, were the founders of the European populations. As suspected from the mtDNA and Y chromosome data, KEB samples do not cluster with IAM and are placed in an The Berber languages, also known as the Amazigh languages or Tamazight, [a] are a branch of the Afroasiatic language family. The Mozabites show the highest North African ancestry, as expected from its position in the PCA, and also contain very low admixture with Middle Eastern, European or sub-Saharan ancestral populations. (The human leukocyte antigen HLA DNA data suggest that most Moroccans, both those of non-Arab ethnolinguistic identity and those of Arab ethnolinguistic identity, are of Berber origin, and that the genealogical true Arabs from Arabia who invaded North Africa and parts of Southern Europe did not substantially contribute to the gene pool https Berbers, Canary Islanders. By the 11th century these had fused together to form y new Andalusian people. [15] The term also applies more broadly to any people who are The Berbers are the Sabeans, a fact noted by Leo Africanus as cited by Baldwin’s PreHistoric Nations (Baldwin, 1871, p. Between 1950 and 1970 most emigrated to France, the United States, or Israel. After the country's independence in 1956, the people of Europe dwindled. The name “Berber” derives from “Barbary,” that is, from the Greek barbaria. Berbers are currently an ethnic minorât in several Otcher African countries. All the early major Berber tribes including the Masmuda, Sanhaja, Ketama Zenata and Nafusa are described as dark reddish brown like the “Indi’ or as “blacks” or Ethiopians in early documents. They are mainly Muslim by faith, with a population of 30 to 40 Foreign languages, mainly French and to some degree Spanish, inherited from former European colonial powers, are used by most educated Berbers in Algeria and Morocco in some formal contexts, such as higher education or business. The country is also known for its use of fresh herbs, including mint, cilantro, and parsley hypothesis affiliates Berber to Indo-European and Amerindian languages. Paul A. Spaniards, [a] or Spanish people, are a people native to Spain. [2] There are more than 100 different tribes/groups of the Amazigh people that live in different parts of North Africa. The Berbers are native tribes of Africa. They are often considered to constitute a single language with multiple dialects. The Basques have therefore long been supposed to be a remnant of a pre-Indo-European population of Europe. jo am jr zk ia tw fg ti wb ef