Shear capacity of concrete column

Shear capacity of concrete column. J The concrete contribution V c to the shear capacity is controlled by the value of the coefficient ß as illustrated by Eq. After flexural Mar 1, 2024 · This study introduces a deterministic shear strength model grounded in the truss-arch theory. 785398 (or pi/4). This is 0. For members subject to axial compression: ACI 318-14 (Table 21. Introduction Even though structural engineers and researchers have dealt with the question of shear behaviour of reinforced concrete members without shear reinforcement for more than 100 years, there is still no obvious and consistent mechanical model in use. Thus, if the design section does not have shear reinforcement, Av< Av,min, and equation (c) from Table 22. While shear can occur perpendicular to the surface of a wall, walls are most often used to resist shear along their length and are referred to as “shear walls. Darby. f yk = 500 MPa. Sep 1, 2022 · Rebars in reinforced concrete (RC) slab-column systems are susceptible to corrosion in unfavorable environments, making slab-column joints (SCJs) more prone to punching shear (PS) failure. Prediction of shear strength from the proposed and alternative methods are compared with results from a wide range of tests of columns failing in shear. • Apr 1, 2022 · The effects of the first four aforementioned factors on the punching shear capacity of column footings tested on the ground are considered and discussed in detail in the study of Bonić et al. To address these problems, researchers have investigated SCCs Sep 2, 2022 · Shear failure in reinforced concrete columns in buildings often found after an earthquake. [4] performed experiments to explore the use of FRP reinforcement in concrete slabs, comparing its behavior with traditional steel reinforcement. Sep 1, 2022 · Compared to beam-column connections in frame structures, connections in slab-column structures have low ductility and resistance capacity and insufficient safety reserve due to the availability of only one alternative load path in the structural system after PS failure [1], [2], [3]. The following article will confirm the reinforcement design in RF-CONCRETE Members using step-by-step analytical equations as per the ACI 318-14 standard, including required longitudinal steel Jan 1, 2009 · Shear design of circular concrete sections using the Eurocode 2 truss model. • Seismic vulnerability assessment, predicting cracks and damage progression of reinforced concrete columns with flexure-shear failure, using nonlinear Finite Element Method. 2. The effect of transverse reinforcement was not included because the short column tests indicated that increased amounts of transverse reinforcement had a minimal influence on shear capacity. This is true even when the design section is lightly loaded and Av,min is not required. The capacity Vc of concrete in sections reinforced for shear is 2. (3) <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles. 0√fc’. John J Orr. . Columns having concrete compressive strength, f'c, between 17MPa and 45MPa are considered. In analyzing the shear mechanism, it's acknowledged that the shear capacity of RC (reinforced concrete) columns is primarily determined by the contributions from concrete, stirrups, axial forces, and notably, the middle longitudinal reinforcement. Calculation Example: Shear force On A Column. 87 + 709. This article is a structural overview of concrete column design when subject to axial loads and bending moments. f ck = C25/30. The equation takes into account the fibre pull-out strength to estimate the contribution of the fibres and considers the perimeter of the critical section depending on Average peak connection rotation for this specimen was 0. Dec 15, 2021 · Punching shear capacity of column footings according to the relevant design codes. Axial Load and Moment Convention. Axial compression can be considered to flatten shear cracks, which then intersect more shear stirrups, increasing the section’s shear capacity. Han proposed the simplified models for predicting the torsion bearing capacity was established [4], [5]. According to: EN 1992-1-1:2004+AC2:2010 Section 6. The compressive strut capacity of concrete is reached if Vn/(bwd) = 10. Six 3/4 scale interior beam–column connections and a control connection were tested and analyzed. Article. Equation ACI 11-2. 7. As an illustration of the calculation of the punching shear capacity provided by the corresponding design codes, the procedures of the calculation according to the US standard ACI 318-19 [14], Eurocode 2 [15], and fib Model Code 2010 [16] are presented in this The concrete code for the column shear-capacity design of a structure is gained through simi-empirical and semi theoretical. Jan 1, 2015 · Abstract and Figures. The stress process and failure mode of the HSRC column were observed and recorded. • Effect of loading protocol on the collapse behavior of reinforced concrete columns. Equation ACI 11-3. For concrete design, compressive and tensile axial loads have positive and negative signs respectively. 3 in ACI 318-19. The nominal shear capacity of a column section is defined as: V n = V c + V s. When the specimens reach the peak bearing capacity, the shear capacity of the joint can be approximately obtained by the superposition of the shear forces borne by the concrete diagonal compression truss, joint ring stirrups, and CST. ”. Nov 1, 2012 · Eight shear-critical, large-scale, high-strength reinforced concrete columns under low axial load were tested. Jan 1, 2011 · Keywords: shear design, concrete bridge decks, shear capacity of haunched beams 1. The concrete shear capacity of the unplated section from national standards is (Vc) code = 134 kN ( Section 7. As shown in Fig. shear strength of concrete and shear strength of stirrups can be computed using Equation 2 and Equation 3, respectively: Note: The method that the authors evaluated that gave the highest shear strength for the column was the modified UCSD method (Priestley et al. Shear strength of beam can be computed according to the following formula: Vn= Vc+Vs Equation 1. 1. From the shear force diagram, the reactions at the centroid of the critical section for exterior and interior columns. 5% volume fraction is effective in increasing punching shear resistance and deformation capacity of slab-column Shear Design. Adequate distance of column support from Shear design in columns is based on the shear force envelope with the option to include or exclude axial force influence on concrete shear capacity. A Bayesian Jan 1, 1992 · Calculation of punching shear reinforcement and verification of concrete strength for slab support or foundation base of rectangular internal column. 1) Thus, it is not required to calculate the additional shear strength provided by the horizontal reinforcement ( Vs) Since 0. Mar 23, 2021 · The results show that (1) under the constraint of concrete ring beams and ring bars, the joints are of good ductility and high bearing capacity; (2) the two types of joints have the same failure Feb 1, 2024 · The findings indicated that strengthening increased punching shear capacity by 11 % for slabs without openings and up to 23 % for slabs with openings. Conversely, axial tension reduces the number of links Analysis of the beam to find the ULS Shear resistance is carried out in three stages: 1. 8 of EC2. 2 in the Code and 0. 0 kN (increased by 9. 0 kN to 160. reinforcement. The specified concrete compressive strengths were 70 and 100 MPa (10,000 and 14,500 psi). Assuming the top plate is rigid and. Applicable for: Slab support or foundation base of interior column with rectangular cross-section. Evidence of the vulnerability of the joints to damage during earthquakes is witnessed in panel zone failures. Verify the resistance of 6H25 bars to withstand the loads in a column of a high-rise building in accordance with EN1992-1-1 incorporating Corrigendum January 2008 and the UK national annex. Oct 29, 2020 · The structural design of reinforced concrete columns is covered in section 5. 8d^2. The proposed model is calibrated with the test results of 105 interior BCJs and 110 exterior BCJs compiled from the literature. Conversely, axial tension reduces the number of links Punching Shear Strength and Deformation Capacity of Fiber Reinforced Concrete Slab-Column Connections under Earthquake-Type Loading. ASDIP CONCRETE includes the design of concrete columns. It includes instructions for fabricating, welding, placing, and grouting a Steel Column Casing. The angle of the field of Jun 1, 2022 · The formula for calculating the shear capacity of the SRC column-RC beam composite joints was as follows. Eurocode 2 introduces the strut inclination method for shear capacity checks. two-way (punching) shear calculations. (5) External steel reinforcement—The shear capacity of concrete members, such as columns, beams, slabs, and shear walls, can be increased by attaching steel plates (Fig. @inproceedings{Cheng2009PunchingSS, title={Punching Shear Strength and Deformation Capacity of Fiber Reinforced Concrete Slab-Column Connections under Earthquake-Type Loading. The strength of stirrups can be added to the concrete strength V c to determine the total strength of a section. When columns are not properly designed, they can fail by; crushing; buckling; shear, or; by the combination of any of the above; The steps in the design of reinforced concrete columns are; Determine design life; Assess actions on the column Jul 16, 2018 · AbstractBeam-column joints are regions of high inelastic stress concentration in reinforced concrete (RC) frames. [16] proposed a design equation based on the JSCE model for assessing the punching shear capacity of normal concrete slab–column connections. Nov 20, 2022 · It can be observed that prior to the occurrence of shear failure, the shear force linearly increases with the shear deformation, Δ s; the stiffness of the increased linear stage is equal to the shear stiffness of columns without the cracking of the concrete. 6 kN to 152. • Effectiveness of two proposed innovative connection details and their contribution to the punching shear resistance of the RC/PC slab - CFT column joint. Jan 1, 2021 · Nevertheless, the available shear strength formulas at many codes are generally developed for regular reinforced concrete columns that tend to ever-estimate the shear strength capacity. Antony P. 0bwd√fc’. Columns are structural compression members which transmit loads from the upper Mar 15, 2023 · Residual strength and deformation capacity of reinforced concrete columns. Steel rods or rein-forcing bars, either post-tensioned or non-post-tensioned, are another form of Sep 1, 2021 · Punching shear behaviour of eighteen balanced Recycled Aggregate Concrete (RAC) scaled slab-column specimens is experimentally investigated and modelled using struts and ties for the following variables: concrete compressive strength (normal-, medium- and high-strength) and coarse recycled aggregate volumetric replacement level (0%, 50% and 100%). Eight shear-critical, large-scale, high-strength reinforced concrete columns under low axial load were tested. Mar 31, 2020 · March 31, 2020. Feb 28, 2008 · Lion06 (Structural) 28 Feb 08 16:29. eaa70f93b04115ba. A semi-empirical analysis has been conducted ACI Concrete Terminology. In Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering Sezen H, Moehle JP (2002) Seismic behavior of shear-critical reinforced concrete building columns. [24], in which a certain discrepancy is observed between the values of punching failure forces obtained in the experimental tests on footings and the DOI: 10. This provides more design flexibility and efficient space utilization within structures. The influence of axial load on shear capacity is complex, yet is critical for columns. However, due to the limited test data and its own characteristics of a concrete structure, standardize formula cannot cover all the columns of shear calculations. 5d from the column face, and d is the effective depth of the flexural reinforcement in the slab) for the nominal concentric punching shear Apr 12, 2021 · NEW VIDEO! Getting back to my favorite subject, Reinforced Concrete Design, I’ll be discussing the basics of shear strength in FULL DETAILS as per NSCP 2015. com/ns. , 2007). For design purposes, the columns are separated into two categories: short columns and slender columns. In this method the shear is resisted by concrete struts acting in compression and shear reinforcement acting in tension. Mar 1, 2024 · Nevertheless, their application in analyzing the shear performance and shear capacity of corroded RC columns is limited by factors including the mechanism of shear force transmission after concrete cracking, the enhancement of shear capacity due to the confinement effect of stirrups, and the strength degradation caused by corrosion damage. 85 kN. 1. Compared with F1, the yield and peak capacity of F2 are improved, while there is no Oct 1, 2022 · Design Example of RC Circular Columns. 8. PDF | On Jan 1, 2009, J. What is the shear distributed to the first column? Since the columns are Feb 1, 2024 · To investigate the shear capacity of solid-web H-shaped steel reinforced concrete (HSRC) columns under combined torque, seven HSRC columns were tested using axial compression ratio (n), torsion bend ratio (γ), and shear span ratio (λ) as test parameters. Based on experimental results, it was concluded that the use of fiber reinforced concrete with either regular strength or high-strength hooked steel fibers in a 1. (2) The distribution of X-reinforcement in the core area had little effect on the shear capacity, but the RC slab could increase the shear capacity of the SRC column-steel beam joint by about 86%. The main criteria for identifying if a RC columns have failed in shear, is based on the classification of the shear failure mode done by the researchers who conducted the tests. Jul 1, 2012 · More recently, Higashiyama et al. As an illustration of the calculation of the punching shear capacity provided by the corresponding design codes, the procedures of the calculation according to the US standard ACI 318-19 [14], Eurocode 2 [15], and fib Model Code 2010 [16] are presented in this (12). The modulus of elasticity E is the same for each column. Check the compressive strength of the diagonal concrete strut and its angle \ (\theta\) 2. The supporting columns are of equal height and are fixed at the base. Corrosion of reinforcement will Jan 1, 2021 · Abstract. 15. are: At exterior supporting column, the reaction, R = 421. 8d) times the diameter of the section to get the shear, Vc. (3). (II) when PIJ:'Ag ｾ＠ 0. 8 instead of 0. 1(A) & (B) for slabs. 98 = 1131. Many studies have been carried out on shear failure in reinforced concrete. Full-text available. Nevertheless, the available shear strength formulas at many codes are generally developed for regular reinforced concrete columns that tend to ever-estimate the shear strength capacity. Jan 1, 2012 · An analytical model was developed to estimate the shear-strength degradation and the deformation capacity of slender reinforced concrete columns subje… Shear strength and deformation capacity models for RC columns. Calculate additional area of tension steel \ (A_ {sl}\) required in the bottom chord. Eq. External post-tensioned clamps, consisting of high-strength May 1, 2007 · The ACI model [12] underestimates the punching shear capacity of FRC due to its neglect of the post-cracking capacity which can significantly contribute to the punching shear strength capacity of the slab–column connections reinforced with steel fibers. Quasi-static tests were conducted on five exterior and four interior reinforced UHPFRC beam-column joints; the behavior of specimens was examined in terms of failure processes, shear deformation angle, load transfer, and loadbearing Dec 21, 2022 · The objective of the study is to study the effects of stirrup ratio and axial load ratio on the shear capacity of geometrically similar beam-column joints having different structural sizes. Fig. Design aid SHEAR 2 consists of 3 tables that may be used to determine shear capacity for rectangular V n: shear strength of beam which is equal to the sum of contribution of concrete and stirrup, KN. (15) V j c = V w + V s v + V c Where V j c was the calculated shear capacity of joints, V w, V s v and V c were the shear force carried by steel webs, stirrups and concrete of connection zone respectively. Jan 2, 2020 · Furthermore, the arrangement of transverse reinforcement influences the compressive strength significantly and enhance the concrete shear capacity of a column due to its confinement effect. Detail The equation is a function of the shear span-to-depth ratio, the concrete strength, the core area of the column and the axial load. A theoretical strut-and-tie model was proposed to calculate the joint shear capacity. As illustrated in Fig. (I3) presumes that the shear capacity of the concrete shear resisting mechanisms increase with axial load because of reduced crack widths (and hence enhanced aggregate interlock) and improved compression shear transfer in the more extensive compression zone. carried out test for studying the CFST columns under monotonic shear and established a practical equation for predicting the ultimate shear capacity of concrete filled steel tube short columns [3]. Mar 1, 2024 · Date: 3/1/2024. 5. and ρt shall be at least 0. The design information is as follows; Height of column = 5m. As steve states, though, I think it is meant to give you the area of the entire section - it was just much easier to use 0. XS7-010 provides details for fixed- fixed (Type F) and fixed-pinned (Type P/F) column casings. Reinforced concrete column. A reinforced concrete column is a structural member designed to carry compressive loads, composed of concrete with an embedded steel frame to provide reinforcement. The results reveal that the proposed ANN model predicts the shear strength of rectangular hollow RC columns accurately with $${R}^{2}$$ R 2 of Mar 1, 2021 · The shear capacity of the SRC column-steel beam joints increased with the increase of the axial compression ratio. Dec 2, 2023 · This study predicts the shear strength of rectangular hollow reinforced concrete (RC) columns using artificial neural network (ANN). Jul 10, 2018 · [Show full abstract] collaborative force of steel, steel pipe and concrete can effectively improve the bearing capacity of the columns, delay or inhibit the spread of oblique shear cracks in Nov 1, 2022 · Punching shear capacity, deformation, ductility and energy absorption of the reinforced concrete (RC)/post-tensioned concrete (PC) slab - CFT column joint. Accurately designing concrete column shear and longitudinal reinforcement is important for safety considerations. Shear typically denotes a force that acts perpendicular to the length of a beam or a column (often referred to as “beam shear” ) or vertically in a slab. In the experimental study, the effect of the amount of fibers on the punching shear resistance and cracking behavior of slabs was investigated on a total of 12 small-scale flat slabs of varying dimensions. The retrofit involves external prestressing of the columns in the transverse direction to increase both shear strength and drift capacity. Standard Drawing Features . Download : Download full-size image; Fig. The maximum load increased from 138. using shearheads made of structural steel I shapes [[1], [2], [3], [4],[31], [32 Dec 1, 2021 · The present investigation focused on the seismic performance of a precast beam–column connection with LS-UHPC and the shear capacity of the UHPC joint. (13) approaches the value given by Eq. Figure 3 – Shear Force Diagram from spSlab. it does say you can take the effective depth (0. html?id=GTM-P8MKDW6 height="0" width="0" style="display Feb 1, 2018 · Tomii M et al. Oct 1, 2023 · The extensive application of SRC columns can be attributed to their increased load-carrying capacity compared to traditional reinforced concrete columns, allowing for longer spans and reduced column sizes [4], [5], [6]. Additional stirrups cannot increase section shear strength, as the concrete strength is considered exhausted when Vn/(bwd) > 10√fc’. (2). 7 shows the impacts of different variables on shear capacity, where P m and P y represent the peak capacity and yield capacity of specimens. googletagmanager. 0025. The columns with light confinement are common in current detailing practice in many developing countries. Dec 1, 2023 · Shear capacity analysis. c = β f' b v d (2) A variable-angle truss model is used to calculate the shear-capacity contribution of the transverse shear reinforcement V s in accordance with Eq. css"> <iframe src=https://www. 98 Sep 4, 2019 · Fiber reinforced concrete seems to be a promising alternative to conventional punching shear. 2(A) & (B) for beams and 9. Once the shear force attains the appropriate shear capacity, the shear deformation Dec 15, 2021 · Punching shear capacity of column footings according to the relevant design codes. Feb 1, 2024 · To investigate the shear capacity of solid-web H-shaped steel reinforced concrete (HSRC) columns under combined torque, seven HSRC columns were tested using axial compression ratio (n), torsion bend ratio (γ), and shear span ratio (λ) as test parameters. 3, a fiber based beam-column element is used for flexure response simulation; a zero-length spring element is used for shear response simulation and a zero-length fiber section element is used for rotational slip response simulation. Apr 4, 2023 · This paper presents two predictive models for the shear strength (SS) calculations of circular and rectangular reinforced concrete (RC) columns subjected to seismic load. This type of failure occurs due to the column does not have sufficient shear reinforcement to support earthquake loads. 12 However, it was to enhance the shear capacity of columns, and it is considered to hardly affect the Jan 1, 2004 · One of the important capacity protections is the shear design of columns. Dec 2010. 026 rad. To investigate the load bearing behavi or of the slab-column connection using fiber IOPscience Mar 15, 2023 · Residual strength and deformation capacity of reinforced concrete columns. 7(a), appropriately increasing d s / t s improves the shear capacity. At interior supporting column, the reaction, R = 778. }, author={Min-Yuan Cheng}, year={2009 May 18, 2018 · This work aims to investigate the seismic behavior and shear bearing capacity of Ultra-High Performance, Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) beam-column joints. In this study, experimental, numerical, and theoretical studies of the PS capacity of corroded RC SCJs were conducted. 0025 but need not to exceed ρt required by Equation 11. 4. The shear capacity of the concrete portion of the column is calculated using one of the following: For members subject to shear and flexure only: V c = 2 f ′ c b w d. This structural engineering software is based on the latest ACI 318 provisions. 22. Jan 1, 2023 · Request PDF | On Jan 1, 2023, Feng Yu and others published Study on Shear Bearing Capacity of Pvc-Cfrp Confined Concrete Column-Rc Beam Exterior Joint with Core Steel Tube | Find, read and cite Oct 9, 2022 · It assumes that the shear capacity is due to three components: inclined concrete compression strut, horizontal stirrups, and intermediate steel bars of a column. Thusly, the thought of dynamic information updates based on Bayesian approach was introduced. 1 is required. prestressed concrete beam-column joints assembled by ACI 318M-05 Code. Test results indicated that FRP @article{Thanh2022PunchingSC, title={Punching shear capacity of unbonded post-tensioned slab - Concrete filled steel tube column joints with innovative connections: Experiment and A new prediction model}, author={Binh Luu Thanh and Cuong Ngo-Huu and Long Nguyen-Minh}, journal={Journal of Building Engineering}, year={2022}, url={https://api Av,min is determined from the geometry of the design section per Section 9. Ospina et al. The specified concrete compressive strengths were 70 and 100 Jan 1, 2017 · calculate the nominal shear capacity of the beam column joint design 6khdu fdsdflw\ ri mrlqw ghvljq lv d vxshusrvlwlrq ri wkh wkh frqfuhwh vkhdu fdsdflw\ vwluuxs qru nlqj suriloh furvv )urp wkh iliwk ri wkh ghvljq w\sh wkh qrplqdo vkhdu fdsdflw\ vn lv ixoo\ vdwlvi\ wkh ghvljq vkhdu irufh vu %xw wkh ghvljq w\shv ri '6 dqg '6 kdyh vwluuxsv vsdfhg Aug 22, 2011 · The paper deals with the punching shear behavior and the capacity of interior steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) slab-column connections. This paper presents test results of 4 full scale circular column specimens, which show shear related behavior under cyclic Structural Toolkit’s Concrete Member design provides an input option for specifying maximum characteristic crack width (w’max) which calculates the limiting steel stress within the reinforcement based on Tables 8. 14359/51689148 Corpus ID: 138590007; Shear Capacity of Precast Prestressed Concrete Beam- Column Joint Assembled by Unbonded Tendon @article{Jin2016ShearCO, title={Shear Capacity of Precast Prestressed Concrete Beam- Column Joint Assembled by Unbonded Tendon}, author={Kiwoong Jin and Kazuhiro Kitayama and Sung-Wook Song and Kiyo-omi Kanemoto}, journal={Aci Structural Journal}, year Jul 1, 2020 · A two-dimensional (2D) nonlinear FE model is developed in OpenSees [33] for simulating seismic behavior of corroded reinforced concrete columns. 6. Oct 9, 2019 · Using RF-CONCRETE Members, concrete column design is possible according to ACI 318-14. A total of 120 experimental results are collected from literature and used for establishing the machine learning model. 6% and 15. The angle of the concrete strut varies, depending on the shear force applied (see Figure below). Jan 1, 2012 · The shear capacity of a reinforced concrete column is composed by the shear transfer mechanism of the intact concrete in the compression zone, the shear resistance of the transverse reinforcement, the dowel action of the longitudinal reinforcement, and the aggregate interlocking along crack surfaces (ASCE-ACI Committee 426 [23]). Calculate required shear reinforcement \ (A_ {sw}/s\) 3. 4%, respectively) when the concrete grade increased from C30 to C35 to C40. 1) to the concrete surface with epoxy bonding, mechanical anchorage, or both. 3 (a)) is less than the shear force in the hogging region as shown in Fig. For this purpose, two strong approaches, including group method of data handling (GMDH) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), were used. Hence there is a possibility of CDC debonding. Ibell Tim. May 1, 2000 · According to the model, the shear capacity of RC piers is the sum of three components: contributions by concrete, transverse reinforcement and axial load, according to the Equation (3): For about 50 years, ACI 318 has used the equation V n = 4[pmath]sqrt{f~’_c}[/pmath]b o d (where f ‘ c is the specified compressive strength of concrete, b o is the critical perimeter measured at 0. A force is acting at the top of a building frame as shown. In this work, a series of 3D mesoscale simulations on the shear failure of RC beam-column joints were conducted and validated, in which the concrete Jan 5, 2024 · At the initial stage of loading, the joint shear force is mainly borne by the concrete. Aug 28, 2015 · capacity must be engineered based on overstrength plastic moment of column and shear capacity of existing concrete columns. Feb 7, 2019 · In this paper, reinforced concrete (RC) beam–column joints are studied, with the aim of determining the maximum shear capacity of RC joints as a key parameter in the damage of RC structures. Aug 1, 1994 · The strength of the concrete component is reduced as flexural displacement ductility increases. g. Without axial load, the columns have a flexural capacity corresponding to a shear demand of approximately 24 kips. The resulting shear capacity will be May 18, 2018 · This work aims to investigate the seismic behavior and shear bearing capacity of Ultra-High Performance, Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) beam-column joints. Abstract: An alternative method to retrofit reinforced concrete (RC) columns with insufficient shear reinforcement is investigated. The most lightly reinforced columns in the building have 4-#7 longitudinal bars. Nov 1, 2022 · To strengthen the punching shear resistance and the structural continuity of slab – CFT column connections due to the inherent weak bond between the concrete slab and CFT column, many prototypes of connection have been proposed in the published literature, e. Jon Shave. Aug 15, 2023 · It can be found from the curves that increasing the concrete strength leads to improving the punching shear capacity of the corroded slab-column joints. 5ϕVc is less than Vu, ρl shall be at least the greater of Equation 11. kd zv ok ww om vo oe hv is sr